Core Concepts¶
A Point¶
Beziers.py provides a rich abstraction over the concept of a two-dimensional point, containing the kind of methods that someone manipulating Bezier curves would find handy.
- class beziers.point.Point(x, y)¶
Bases:
object
A representation of a point within the Beziers world.
Here are some things you can do with points. You can interpret them as vectors, and add them together:
>>> a = Point(5,5) >>> b = Point(10,10) >>> a + b <15.0,15.0>
You can multiply them by a scalar to scale them:
>>> a * 2 <10.0,10.0>
You can adjust them:
>>> a += b >>> a <15.0,15.0>
If you’re using Python 3, you can abuse operator overloading and compute the dot product of two vectors:
>>> a = Point(5,5) >>> b = Point(10,10) >>> a @ b 100.0
- property squareMagnitude: float¶
Interpreting this point as a vector, returns the squared magnitude (Euclidean length) of the vector.
- property magnitude: float¶
Interpreting this point as a vector, returns the magnitude (Euclidean length) of the vector.
- property angle: float¶
Interpreting this point as a vector, returns the angle in radians of the vector.
- property slope: float¶
Returns slope y/x
- classmethod fromAngle(angle: float) Point ¶
Given an angle in radians, return a unit vector representing that angle.
- rotated(around: Point, by: float) Point ¶
Return a new point found by rotating this point around another point, by an angle given in radians.
- rotate(around: Point, by: float)¶
Mutate this point by rotating it around another point, by an angle given in radians.
- squareDistanceFrom(other: Point) float ¶
Returns the squared Euclidean distance between this point and another.
- transformed(transformation: AffineTransformation) Point ¶
Returns a new point, transformed by the given transformation.
- transform(transformation: AffineTransformation)¶
Mutate this point by transforming it by the given transformation.
A Segment¶
- class beziers.segment.Segment¶
Bases:
IntersectionsMixin
,SampleMixin
,object
A segment is part of a path. Although this package is called beziers.py, it’s really for font people, and paths in the font world are made up of cubic Bezier curves, lines and (if you’re dealing with TrueType) quadratic Bezier curves. Each of these things is represented as an object derived from the Segment base class. So, when you inspect the path in the segment representation, you will get a list of CubicBezier, Line and QuadraticBezier objects, all of which derive from Segment.
Because of this, a Segment can have two, three or four elements: lines have two end points; quadratic Beziers have a start, a control point and an end point; cubic have a start, two control points and an end point.
You can pretend that a Segment object is an array and index it like one:
q = CubicBezier( Point(122,102), Point(35,200), Point(228,145), Point(190,46) ) start, cp1, cp2, end = q[0],q[1],q[2],q[3]
You can also access the start and end points like so:
start = q.start end = q.end
- round() None ¶
Rounds the points of segment to integer coordinates.
- property order: int¶
Returns the order of the segment. i.e. 2 for a line, 3 for a quadratic, 4 for a cubic.
- property startAngle: float¶
Returns the angle of the start of the segment in radians.
- property endAngle: float¶
Returns the angle of the end of the segment in radians.
- translated(vector: Point) Segment ¶
Returns a new Segment object representing the translation of this segment by the given vector. i.e.:
>>> l = Line(Point(0,0), Point(10,10)) >>> l.translated(Point(5,5)) L<<5.0,5.0>--<15.0,15.0>> >>> l L<<0.0,0.0>--<10.0,10.0>>
- rotated(around: Point, by: float)¶
Returns a new Segment object representing the rotation of this segment around the given point and by the given angle. i.e.:
>>> l = Line(Point(0,0), Point(10,10)) >>> l.rotated(Point(5,5), math.pi/2) L<<10.0,-8.881784197e-16>--<-8.881784197e-16,10.0>>
- scaled(bx: float) Segment ¶
Returns a new Segment object representing the scaling of this segment by the given magnification. i.e.:
>>> l = Line(Point(0,0), Point(10,10)) >>> l.scaled(2) L<<0,0>--<20,20>>
- transformed(transformation: AffineTransformation) Segment ¶
Returns a new Segment object transformed by the given AffineTransformation matrix.
- alignmentTransformation() AffineTransformation ¶
Returns an AffineTransformation object representing the transformation required to align the segment to the origin. i.e. with the first point translated to the origin (0,0) and the last point with y=0.
- aligned() Segment ¶
Returns a new Segment object aligned to the origin. i.e. with the first point translated to the origin (0,0) and the last point with y=0. Obviously, for a Line this is a bit pointless, but it’s quite handy for higher-order curves.
- lengthAtTime(t: float) float ¶
Returns the length of the subset of the path from the start up to the point t (0->1), where 1 is the end of the whole curve.
- bounds() BoundingBox ¶
Returns a BoundingBox object for this segment.
- property hasLoop: bool¶
Returns True if the segment has a loop. (Only possible for cubics.)
A Line¶
- class beziers.line.Line(start: Point, end: Point)¶
Bases:
Segment
Represents a line segment within a Bezier path.
- curvatureAtTime(_t: float) float ¶
Returns the C curvature at time t.
- splitAtTime(t: float) Tuple[Line, Line] ¶
Returns two segments, dividing the given segment at a point t (0->1) along the line.
- tOfPoint(point: Point, its_on_the_line_i_swear=False) float ¶
Returns the t (0->1) value of the given point, assuming it lies on the line, or -1 if it does not.
- property slope: float¶
Returns the slope of the line.
- property intercept: float¶
Returns the y-intercept of the line.
- property length: float¶
Returns the length of the line.
- property area: float¶
Returns the signed area of the line.
A QuadraticBezier curve¶
- class beziers.quadraticbezier.QuadraticBezier(start, c1, end)¶
Bases:
ArcLengthMixin
,Segment
- classmethod fromRepr(text)¶
- pointAtTime(t)¶
Returns the point at time t (0->1) along the curve.
- tOfPoint(p)¶
Returns the time t (0->1) of a point on the curve.
- splitAtTime(t)¶
Returns two segments, dividing the given segment at a point t (0->1) along the curve.
- derivative()¶
Returns a Line representing the derivative of this curve.
- flatten(degree=8)¶
- findExtremes()¶
Returns a list of time t values for extremes of the curve.
- property area¶
Returns the signed area between the curve and the y-axis
- toCubicBezier()¶
Converts the quadratic bezier to a CubicBezier
A CubicBezier curve¶
- class beziers.cubicbezier.CubicBezier(start: Point, c1: Point, c2: Point, end: Point)¶
Bases:
ArcLengthMixin
,Segment
A representation of a cubic bezier curve.
- classmethod fromRepr(text: str)¶
Create a new cubic bezier curve from a string representation.
- splitAtTime(t: float) Tuple[CubicBezier, CubicBezier] ¶
Returns two segments, dividing the given segment at a point t (0->1) along the curve.
- join(other)¶
Not currently implemented: join two CubicBezier together.
- toQuadratic()¶
Not currently implemented: reduce this to a QuadraticBezier.
- derivative() QuadraticBezier ¶
Returns a QuadraticBezier representing the derivative of this curve.
- flatten(degree=8) List[Line] ¶
Flattens the curve into a list of Line segments.
- Args:
degree (int): The degree of flattening to perform.
- findExtremes(inflections=False) List[float] ¶
Returns a list of time t values for extremes of the curve.
- curvatureAtTime(t: float) float ¶
Returns the C curvature at time t.
- property tunniPoint: Point¶
Returns the Tunni point of this Bezier (the intersection of the handles).
- balance() None ¶
Perform Tunni balancing on this Bezier.
- property hasLoop: bool¶
Returns True if the curve has a loop.
- property area: float¶
Returns the signed area between the curve and the y-axis
A BoundingBox¶
- class beziers.boundingbox.SupportsBounds(*args, **kwargs)¶
Bases:
Protocol
- bounds() BoundingBox ¶
- class beziers.boundingbox.BoundingBox¶
Bases:
object
A representation of a rectangle within the Beziers world, used to store bounding boxes.
- Args:
bl (Point): The bottom-left corner of the bounding box. tr (Point): The top-right corner of the bounding box.
- bounds() BoundingBox ¶
Determine the bounding box - returns the bounding box itself.
- property area: float¶
Returns the area of the bounding box.
- property left: float¶
Returns the X coordinate of the left edge of the box.
- property right: float¶
Returns the X coordinate of the right edge of the box.
- property top: float¶
Returns the Y coordinate of the top edge of the box.
- property bottom: float¶
Returns the Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the box.
- property width: float¶
Returns the width of the box.
- property height: float¶
Returns the height of the box.
- extend(other: BoundingBox | Point | SupportsBounds) None ¶
Add an object to the bounding box. Object can be a Point, another BoundingBox, or something which has a bounds() method.
- translated(point: Point) BoundingBox ¶
Returns a new BoundingBox translated by the vector
- overlaps(other: BoundingBox) bool ¶
Returns True if the given bounding box overlaps with this bounding box.
- addMargin(size: float) None ¶
Adds a few units of margin around the edges of the bounding box.
Helpful utility classes¶
Geometric shapes¶
- beziers.path.geometricshapes.Circle(x_radius, origin=None, superness=0.5522847498307935)¶
Returns a path representing a circle of given radius. You can specify the origin as a Point and the superness of the circle.
- beziers.path.geometricshapes.Ellipse(x_radius, y_radius, origin=None, superness=0.5522847498307935)¶
Returns a path representing an ellipse of given x and y radii. You can specify the origin as a Point and the superness of the ellipse.
- beziers.path.geometricshapes.Rectangle(width, height, origin=None)¶
Returns a path representing an rectangle of given width and height. You can specify the origin as a Point.
- beziers.path.geometricshapes.Square(width, origin=None)¶
Returns a path representing a square of given width. You can specify the origin as a Point.